Gas turbine - Wikipedia. For turbines in electricity, see Wind turbine. Wind Turbine Engineering PdfFor turbines in general, see Turbine. A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating compressor coupled to a downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in between. The basic operation of the gas turbine is similar to that of the steam power plant except that air is used instead of water. Fresh atmospheric air flows through a compressor that brings it to higher pressure. Energy is then added by spraying fuel into the air and igniting it so the combustion generates a high- temperature flow. This high- temperature high- pressure gas enters a turbine, where it expands down to the exhaust pressure, producing a shaft work output in the process. The turbine shaft work is used to drive the compressor and other devices such as an electric generator that may be coupled to the shaft. The energy that is not used for shaft work comes out in the exhaust gases, so these have either a high temperature or a high velocity. The purpose of the gas turbine determines the design so that the most desirable energy form is maximized. Gas turbines are used to power aircraft, trains, ships, electrical generators, and tanks. When the lamp is lit, the heated airflow rises and drives an impeller with horse- riding figures attached on it, whose shadows are then projected onto the outer screen of the lantern. His invention had most of the elements present in the modern day gas turbines. The Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook has been the standard for engineers involved in the design, selection, and operation of gas turbines. This revision includes new case histories, the latest techniques, and new designs to comply with recently passed legislation. EDF Incorporated has provided full service engineering solutions to the OEM, MRO and government propulsion industry since 1978. We specialize in the design and development of engine test facilities and equipment for: - Indoor and outdoor testing - Gas Turbine. Heavy duty TURBINE ELECTRIC FANS . ELECTRIC FAN ENGINEERING (EFE) is a leader in pioneering, researching and developing numerous patented. Wind Turbine Power Calculations RWE npower renewables Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Power Industry INTRODUCTION RWE npower is a leading integrated UK energy company and is part of the RWE Group, one of Europe's leading utilities. The International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering (IJEEE) is a multi-disciplinary, peer-reviewed open access journal published under the brand SpringerOpen, covering all areas of energy and environment related fields that apply to the science and engineering communities. The view from our science window, we can see a landscape of newly erected wind turbines going up. So naturally, I had to incorporate that into our labs! I will admit that engineering is my weak area of STEM, but if I expect my students to be uncomfortable while. Welcome to the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Engineering (MEE) at the University of North Texas (UNT)! The department is committed to educating. The Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Department would like to reach out. GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE—WHAT MAKES THE MAP? 251 When combining the above efficiency with the expression for temperature and the isentropic relationship for temperature and pressure (T 2/T 1 = (P 2/P 1) The turbine was designed to power a horseless carriage. Marc Antoine Francois Mennons for a . The patent shows that it was a gas turbine and the drawings show it applied to a locomotive. Teleshov), a Russian aviation pioneer. This principle of propulsion is still of some use. Three 4- ton 1. 00 k. W Parsons radial flow generators were installed in Cambridge Power Station, and used to power the first electric street lighting scheme in the city. Charles Gordon Curtis patented the first gas turbine engine in the USA (. In 1. 90. 3, Moss became an engineer for General Electric's Steam Turbine Department in Lynn, Massachusetts. His design used a small turbine wheel, driven by exhaust gases, to turn a supercharger. Using rotary compressors and turbines it produced 1. Griffith resulting in the publishing in 1. An Aerodynamic Theory of Turbine Design. Working testbed designs of axial turbines suitable for driving a propellor were developed by the Royal Aeronautical Establishment proving the efficiency of aerodynamic shaping of the blades in 1. The first successful use of his engine was in April 1. Following the gas turbine principle, the steam evaporation tubes are arranged within the gas turbine combustion chamber; the first Velox plant was erected in Mondeville, France. In Beznau, Switzerland the first commercial reheated/recuperated unit generating 2. MW was commissioned. Together, these make up the Brayton cycle. In a real gas turbine, mechanical energy is changed irreversibly (due to internal friction and turbulence) into pressure and thermal energy when the gas is compressed (in either a centrifugal or axial compressor). Heat is added in the combustion chamber and the specific volume of the gas increases, accompanied by a slight loss in pressure. During expansion through the stator and rotor passages in the turbine, irreversible energy transformation once again occurs. If the engine has a power turbine added to drive an industrial generator or a helicopter rotor, the exit pressure will be as close to the entry pressure as possible with only enough energy left to overcome the pressure losses in the exhaust ducting and expel the exhaust. For a turboprop engine there will be a particular balance between propeller power and jet thrust which gives the most economical operation. In a jet engine only enough pressure and energy is extracted from the flow to drive the compressor and other components. The remaining high pressure gases are accelerated to provide a jet to propel an aircraft. The smaller the engine, the higher the rotation rate of the shaft(s) must be to attain the required blade tip speed. Blade- tip speed determines the maximum pressure ratios that can be obtained by the turbine and the compressor. This, in turn, limits the maximum power and efficiency that can be obtained by the engine. In order for tip speed to remain constant, if the diameter of a rotor is reduced by half, the rotational speed must double. For example, large jet engines operate around 1. Simple turbines might have one main moving part, the compressor/shaft/turbine rotor assembly (see image above), with other moving parts in the fuel system. However, the precision manufacture required for components and the temperature resistant alloys necessary for high efficiency often make the construction of a simple gas turbine more complicated than a piston engine. More advanced gas turbines (such as those found in modern jet engines) may have 2 or 3 shafts (spools), hundreds of compressor and turbine blades, movable stator blades, and extensive external tubing for fuel, oil and air systems. Thrust bearings and journal bearings are a critical part of design. Traditionally, they have been hydrodynamic oil bearings, or oil- cooled ball bearings. These bearings are being surpassed by foil bearings, which have been successfully used in micro turbines and auxiliary power units. Because of the stresses of operation, turbine materials become damaged through these mechanisms. As temperatures are increased in an effort to improve turbine efficiency, creep becomes more significant. To limit creep, thermal coatings and superalloys with solid- solution strengthening and grain boundary strengthening are used in blade designs. Protective coatings are used to reduce the thermal damage and to limit oxidation. These coatings are often stabilized zirconium dioxide- based ceramics. Using a thermal protective coating limits the temperature exposure of the nickel superalloy. This reduces the creep mechanisms experienced in the blade. Oxidation coatings limit efficiency losses caused by a buildup on the outside of the blades, which is especially important in the high- temperature environment. The microstructure of these alloys is composed of different regions of composition. A uniform dispersion of the gamma- prime phase . The addition of these elements reduces the diffusion of the gamma prime phase, thus preserving the fatigue resistance, strength, and creep resistance. Flow is left to right, multistage compressor on left, combustion chambers center, two- stage turbine on right. Airbreathing jet engines are gas turbines optimized to produce thrust from the exhaust gases, or from ducted fans connected to the gas turbines. Jet engines that produce thrust from the direct impulse of exhaust gases are often called turbojets, whereas those that generate thrust with the addition of a ducted fan are often called turbofans or (rarely) fan- jets. Gas turbines are also used in many liquid propellant rockets, the gas turbines are used to power a turbopump to permit the use of lightweight, low pressure tanks, which reduce the empty weight of the rocket. Turboprop engines. Turboprop engines are used on small aircraft such as the general- aviation Cessna 2. Caravan and Embraer EMB 3. Tucano military trainer, medium- sized commuter aircraft such as the Bombardier Dash 8 and large aircraft such as the Airbus A4. M transport and the 6. Tupolev Tu- 9. 5 strategic bomber. Aeroderivative gas turbines. They are also used in the marine industry to reduce weight. The General Electric LM2. General Electric LM6. Rolls- Royce RB2. Rolls- Royce Avon are common models of this type of machine. A combustion chamber is fabricated and plumbed between the compressor and turbine sections. Most turbojet- powered model aircraft are now using these commercial and semi- commercial microturbines, rather than a Schreckling- like home- build. They supply: compressed air for air conditioning and ventilation,compressed air start- up power for larger jet engines,mechanical (shaft) power to a gearbox to drive shafted accessories or to start large jet engines, andelectrical, hydraulic and other power- transmission sources to consuming devices remote from the APU. Industrial gas turbines for power generation. They are also much more closely integrated with the devices they power. When the gas turbine is used solely for shaft power, its thermal efficiency is about 3. However, it may be cheaper to buy electricity than to generate it. Therefore, many engines are used in CHP (Combined Heat and Power) configurations that can be small enough to be integrated into portable container configurations. Gas turbines can be particularly efficient when waste heat from the turbine is recovered by a heat recovery steam generator to power a conventional steam turbine in a combined cycle configuration. They can also be run in a cogeneration configuration: the exhaust is used for space or water heating, or drives an absorption chiller for cooling the inlet air and increase the power output, technology known as Turbine Inlet Air Cooling. Another significant advantage is their ability to be turned on and off within minutes, supplying power during peak, or unscheduled, demand. Since single cycle (gas turbine only) power plants are less efficient than combined cycle plants, they are usually used as peaking power plants, which operate anywhere from several hours per day to a few dozen hours per year. In areas with a shortage of base- load and load following power plant capacity or with low fuel costs, a gas turbine powerplant may regularly operate most hours of the day. A large single- cycle gas turbine typically produces 1. The power range varies from 1 megawatt up to 5. The majority of installations are used within the oil and gas industries. Mechanical drive applications increase efficiency by around 2%.
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For example, in your GUI application, the HTTP server job starts running under. Q: Is there a way I can get the attributes (date/time created/modified, file size) for an IFS object in a CL or RPG/IV program? I have a batch file running on an NT server that extracts some data from another server (Novell) to a directory on the AS/400. Debugging a Program Debugging allows you to detect, diagnose, and eliminate errors in a program. You can debug your OPM and ILE COBOL programs using the ILE source debugger. This chapter describes how to use the ILE source debugger to: Prepare your ILE. I've 4 databases A,B,C an D which are connected through one another through database links. A single schema can have multiple links which connect to different schemas on the remote database. All the links were created by using the option 'connect to. Complete AS400 System Administrator - Free ebook download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read book online for free. AS/400 SYSTEM OPERATIONS System Administrator Tasks . Debugging a Program. ILE COBOL Programmer's Guide. Debugging allows you to detect, diagnose, and eliminate errors in a. You can debug your OPM and ILE COBOL programs using the ILE. The. syntax for preventing file modification would be. See the chapter on debugging in the ILE Concepts. ILE source debugger (including authority. Using debug commands with. ILE program that contains debug data you can. Debug any ILE COBOL or mixed ILE language application. Monitor the flow of a program by using the debug commands while the. If you use the ILE COBOL COLLATING SEQUENCE clause in your. ILE COBOL program to specify your own collating sequence, this collating. ILE source debugger. At this point you can enter more debug. After you have. started the debugger, you can set breakpoints or other ILE source debugger. The debug commands and their parameters are entered on the. Debug command line displayed on the bottom of the Display Module Source and. Evaluate Expression displays. These commands can be entered in upper. Refer to ILE Concepts. The online help for. ILE source debugger describes the debug commands and explains their. The. attributes are the size and type of the variable as recorded in the debug. Refer to Table 5 for a list of attributes and their ILE COBOL. These attributes are not the same as the attributes. ILE COBOL. Use BREAK. WHEN expression to enter a conditional job. It also allows you to display a different source module. Display Module Source display. The. module object must exist in the current program object. Table 5 shows the equivalence between the attributes of variables as. ILE source debugger and ILE COBOL data categories. They are. Statement view. For more information. Starting the ILE Source Debugger. The listing view provides all. COPY and REPLACE statements) made by the ILE COBOL. The. listing view exist independent of the source member. The source member. However, any debug commands issued from. Display Module Source display will be applied only to the compilation unit. Therefore, you should not modify, rename, or move root. The size of the generated module. The source view does. ILE COBOL compiler when it creates the. The source view depends on the. Any changes made to the. However, any debug commands issued from the. Display Module Source display will be applied only to the compilation unit. It contains. line numbers and statement numbers. To debug an ILE COBOL module object. The size of the. created module object is smaller than that generated with the listing view or. The statement view minimizes the size of the created. The. statement view only provides the symbol table and a mapping between statement. You can change the attributes of the debug mode later. Change Debug (CHGDBG) command. The ENDDBG command does not have any. For a full description of the STRDBG. CHGDBG, and ENDDBG commands and their parameters, refer to the CL and. APIs section of the Programming category in the i. Series. 4. 00 Information Center at this Web site - http: //publib. Up to 2. 0 service programs can initially be added to the debug. Service Program (SRVPGM) parameter of the STRDBG. Additional service programs can be added to the debug session. In addition, you can initially add as many. Service Programs. SRVPGM) parameter on the STRDBG command. The rules for debugging a. The program or service program must have debug data. You must have *CHANGE authority to a program or service program object to. If ILE, the entry. ILE program with debug data is shown. RPG and COBOL programs can be compiled with *LSTDBG or *SRCDBG. CL programs must be compiled with *SRCDBG.). The ILE debug environment is set to accept OPM programs. You can do. this by specifying OPMSRC(*YES) on the STRDBG command. If there is no debug data, then the DSPMODSRC screen will be. If an ILE program and a service program are specified, then the. ILE program will be shown. When a mixture of ILE programs and ILE debugger- enabled OPM. STRDBG command, the first program with debug. If the first program is an ILE program, the first module. Figure 3. 3. You can also use the Change Debug (CHGDBG) command to set. However, the OPMSRC option cannot be changed by the. CHGDBG command. OPMSRC can only be changed by the SET debug. To enable the ILE source debugger to accept OPM programs. After entering STRDBG, if the current display is not the. Display Module Source display, type. The Set Debug Options display appears. Then, call the program. CALL CL command. If the exception is not handled by any. Display Module Source display is. The module object within which the exception occurred is. Refer to ILE COBOL Error and Exception Handling for more information on error and exception handling. Refer to Setting and Removing Breakpoints for more information on setting breakpoints. The Work with Module List display can be accessed. Display Module Source display by pressing F1. Work with Module. List). To add a service program, change the default program type from. PGM to *SRVPGM. There is no limit to the number of ILE program objects. If you specified. OPMSRC(*YES), by using either STRDBG, the SET debug command, or CHGDBG, then. OPM program using the Work with Module List display. If you specified. OPMSRC(*NO), then you must use the Add Program (ADDPGM) command. Only. 2. 0 OPM programs can be in a debug session when OPMSRC(*NO) is. If an OPM program is already in an OPM debug session. ILE debug. session or stepping into it from a call statement. Similarly, if you. OPM debug session, you must first remove it from an. ILE debug session. ILE service programs can be added to a debug session only by. Work with Module List display. ILE service. programs cannot be specified on the STRDBG command. The Work with Module List display can be accessed. Display Module Source display by pressing F1. Work with Module. List). If you specified. OPMSRC(*YES), by using either STRDBG, the SET debug command, or CHGDBG, then. OPM program using the Work with Module display. If you specified. OPMSRC(*NO), then you must use the Remove Program (RMVPGM) command. A module object's. DBGVIEW(*SOURCE). The source of an OPM program can be shown if the following conditions are. The OPM program was compiled with OPTION(*LSTDBG) or. OPTION(*SRCDBG). Lines numbers that have breakpoints set are. When a breakpoint, step, or message causes the program to. The Work with Module List display can be accessed from the. Display Module Source display by pressing F1. Work with Module List). If you use this option with an ILE. Otherwise, the first module object bound to the program object. If you use this option with an OPM program. On the debug command line, type. DISPLAY MODULE module- name. The module object module- name will now be shown. The. module object must exist in a program object that has been added to the debug. These views are. ILE COBOL Listing view. ILE COBOL Source view. You can change the view of the module object that is shown on the Display. Module Source display through the Select View display. The Select View. display can be accessed from the Display Module Source display by pressing F1. Select View). The Select View display is shown in Figure 3. The current view is listed at the top of the window. Each module. object in a program object or service program can have a different set of. An unconditional. A conditional breakpoint stops the program object. Both a job breakpoint. In. general, there is one set of debug commands and Function keys for job. For the rest of this. The appropriate module object is shown with the. This line. is highlighted. At this point, you can evaluate variables, set more. An unconditional job breakpoint is set. The job breakpoint is removed from. A list of options appear which allow you to set or. If you select 4 (Clear), a job breakpoint is. You can also use F2. Command Line) from the. Display Module Source display to call the program from a command line. When a breakpoint is reached, the program. Display Module Source display is shown. At this point, you can evaluate variables, set more breakpoints. When a job breakpoint is cleared, it is cleared. For more information, see Example of Using ILE COBOL in a Multithreaded Environment. Where the BREAK debug command sets a job breakpoint at the. TBREAK debug command sets a thread. When a debug stop occurs. The debug THREAD command and the Work with Debugged. Threads display can be used to change the current thread. When a thread breakpoint is cleared, it is cleared for the. The Work with Module Breakpoints. Display Module Source display by pressing F1. Work with module breakpoints). The Work with Module Breakpoints. Figure 3. 8. You can also use F2. Command Line) from the Display Module. Source display to call the program object from a command line. When a statement with a. If the. result is false, the program object continues to run. If the result is. Display Module Source display is. At this point, you can evaluate variables, set more breakpoints. The conditional. expression can only be a simple expression. The term on the right hand. For example, I=2. I=A+2 or I=3*2 are not accepted. You can also remove. Figure 3. 8 shows a typical display where 4 (Clear) could be entered in. Opt field. The difference between these commands is that the. BREAK debug command sets a conditional job breakpoint at the same position in. TBREAK debug command sets a conditional thread. When a conditional thread breakpoint is removed, it is removed. To. use the debug command, type. The breakpoints are removed from all of. Setting watch. conditions is similar to setting conditional job breakpoints, with these. Watch conditions stop the program as soon as the value of a watched. When the content at the storage address is changed from the value. The next watch condition will be registered if. This number includes watches set by the. If you try to set a watch. Therefore, the maximum. If this is. not the case, an error message is issued when a watch is requested, indicating. Therefore, if a watch is set on a temporary location. You must not assume that a variable is in scope just. If these restrictions are. Fate/stay night (Visual Novel) - TV Tropes. I ask of you: Are you my Master? I am the bone of my sword Steel is my body and fire is my blood I have created over a thousand blades Unknown to Death, Nor known to Life Have withstood pain to create many weapons Yet, those hands will never hold anything So as I pray, unlimited blade works. Fate/Stay Night English game download. I’ll go and finish my daily routine. I’ll go and help out the student council. Day 3 (If finished the game once) 2. There exists a plane outside of human concepts, and within there is the Throne of Heroes. Here, the records of the brave men and women whose lives have become legends are kept, to be used as eternal guardians of mankind. When a legend has been venerated enough by humanity, it can become immortalized as a Heroic Spirit that surpasses time itself. However the definition of what is a . They must then fight each other in a seven- way battle royale, whereupon the last Master/Servant team remaining is granted the ultimate prize: the Holy Grail, a legendary artifact said to grant any wish of whoever claims it. As public knowledge of a Heroic Spirit's true identity would reveal their strengths and weaknesses, each Servant is divided into (and referred to as) one of seven classes: Saber, Archer, Lancer, Rider, Caster, Berserker and Assassin. Furk.net is your personal secure storage that fetches media files and lets you stream them immediately You can use it to stream video or listen to your music from PC, smartphone, HTPC or even a game console (XBOX, PS3). It is generally agreed that Fate/stay night and Fate/Zero are the two core works of the Fate series. They both come in multiple forms. Whatever you do, consuming these two works in some form is the first thing you should do. World Conquest Zvezda Plot (lit. Finally, each Servant is armed with a number of . When he stays behind at school one night, Shirou stumbles into the beginning of Heaven's Feel V, aka the Fifth Holy Grail War. The official rules state that all witnesses must be killed, but before that can happen Shirou finds himself bound to a Servant of the . His dream is to become a selfless . It is split into three routes: Fate: A route focused on Shirou's relationship with Saber and his ideal of becoming a selfless .
It also lays down the characters and the framework of the Holy Grail War for the reader. Unlimited Blade Works: A route focused on Rin and Archer, specifically delving into Archer's mysterious past and his conflict with Shirou's ideals. Heaven's Feel: The third and final route, focused on Shirou's childhood friend Sakura Matou, the dark machinations of her grandfather, and the secrets behind the creation of the Heaven's Feel ritual. Although never officially released in English, the game originally had a Fan Translation patch made for it by the good folks at Mirror Moon. The Visual Novel has been adapted for the Play. Station 2, minus the sex scenesand plus lots of cool new stuff. The PS2 version is subtitled Realta Nua and you can implement the extra content from this version onto the original CD/DVD installed PC version with this patch. A PS Vita port of Realta Nua has been released in Japan on the 2. November, 2. 01. 2 with high resolution graphics and three openings animated by Ufotable. A version of Realta Nua was also released for PC in the beginning of 2. The newest (and arguably most complete) English translation is intended to work with this version. It adds the original H scenes (toggleable), corrected translations, updated BGM, and the opening videos from the PS Vita version. Adaptations An anime adaptation created by Studio DEEN, released in 2. The story is mostly based on the Fate route, with a few additions from the other two routes to make the series fill 2. Fate. A movie adaptation, also created by Studio DEEN and released in 2. This version covers the Unlimited Blade Works route, with emphasis on the action scenes. Like the anime adaptation, it's based on the Fate scenario with some additional material from the other routes as well as some original content. The artist, Datto Nishiwaki, is a big Type- Moon fan, and makes references to other Nasuverse works in his end- of- volume rants. Another anime by ufotable based on Unlimited Blade Works, first season released in 2. The second season aired in 2. Three Heaven's Feel movies by ufotable are going to be released in 2. The first preview can be seen here. A Heaven's Feel manga began serialization in May 2. In 2. 00. 5, it received a sequel titled Fate/hollow ataraxia, and in 2. Fate/Zero which was adapted into an anime in 2. For other derived and related media set in the same universe see Nasuverse. Shirou is not the only Fourth Grail War orphan. The other children were taken in by the church and used by Kotomine for powering his associate Gilgamesh'smana—not to keep him in this world, since he already has a body, just to supply him with mana to use his abilities as a Servant. The children are stuck in a grave, their bodies and souls being slowly dissolved. And yes, they are fully aware. They'd be screaming except their vocal chords have mostly rotted away. Bad Guys Do the Dirty Work: Illya and Berserker conveniently kill Shinji after his Servant is defeated by Saber, saving Shirou from the moral quandary presented by having to deal with a totally defenseless person who crossed the Moral Event Horizon right in front of him previously. Big Damn Heroes: Subverted by Gilgamesh who, after saving the heroes from their last opponent, becomes their new one. Bi the Way: Rin learns something new about herself while helping Shirou and Saber replenish the latter's magical energy. Bittersweet Ending: Shirou Did Not Get the Girl but decides that life goes on. Illyasviel survives, but probably won't live more than a few years (at best) due to her being a homunculus. And although the Distant Finale in the PS2 version has Shirou and Saber reuniting, it's also made very clear that not only are they both dead, but Saber and Shirou were separated for a very long time. Body Horror: The first ending possible results in Berserker leaving Shirou a disembodied head, which Illya will keep alive and torture for as long as she pleases. The fate of the other orphans from the fire ten years ago. They resemble nothing so much as rotting, bug- infested, limbless corpses.. Saber mentions having lost her final Noble Phantasm, Avalon, Excalibur's sheath. Rin also narrates a story about Merlin, saying the King's true weapon is his sheath. It was inside Shirou and keeping him alive the whole time. It was also her summoning catalyst. Distressed Dude: Shirou gets kidnapped by Illya halfway through the route, forcing Saber, Rin, and Archer to come to his aid. Dude Looks Like a Lady: Bedivere. He's voiced by one, too. Earn Your Happy Ending: In the ending of the scenario of Realta Nua, as Saber lies dying, lamenting on losing Shiro, she is visited by Merlin, who, feeling that she is owed something for all her hardships, claims that there is a way for her to be reunited with the one she loves. However, it would require two impossible feats: she must wait for him continuously and Shirou must pursue her endlessly. They do, and are reunited in what appears to be Avalon. Fission Mailed: Telling Saber there won't be lunch and teasing her about her growling stomach makes her mad enough to put on her armour and send you to the Tiger Dojo. Except it's not over and the story continues! Foregone Conclusion: It's impossible to save Saber from dying because it happened about 1. Shirou's perspective. However, this doesn't mean she can't live out a full life here and then simply return on the verge of death back to the battlefield and then die there. This only happens in one ending, though. Good People Have Good Sex: While Shirou and Saber's first time is incredibly awkward, note as they're on the run from a very dangerous foe and Saber is on the verge of disappearing their subsequent sexual encounter is treated as the best thing ever, despite how inexperienced both are. Guide Dang It: Gathering all the Tiger Stamps from the bad ends gives you a number of special scenes in the end. Though most Bad Ends are fairly easy to figure out, Bad End 1. Saber's Relationship Points low enough. Holy Ground: The church in Fuyuki City is considered this, being used as a neutral site for Masters to meet. Instant Runes: Rider creates a rune circle almost instantaneously to use her Noble Phantasm and escape from Saber when cornered. Kill Steal: Illya apologizes to Shirou for killing Shinji Matou when he tried to escape, as she assumes Shirou would have wanted the kill. Let Them Die Happy: In the ending, when a dying Artoria tells Sir Bedivere that she saw a dream and asks him whether she can see the same dream again if she closes her eyes, he says that yes, he had that experience once before. Love at First Sight: Shirou falls for Saber the moment he first sees her after accidentally summoning her. Made of Evil: The contents of the Holy Grail. Magic Contract Romance: Saber is bound to Shirou by the Command Spell, but she genuinely comes to love him and his willingness to protect her during the route. Mind Rape: Shirou sees horrific images of every crime imaginable when he's covered with mud from the Grail. No Guy Wants an Amazon: Self- invoked by Saber the second time Shirou sees her naked. She feels embarrassed that she is so muscular compared to other women like Rin. Not Quite Dead: Berserker is seemingly blown to pieces by Rin, but his Noble Phantasm gives him 1. Rin is still within his grasp. Offscreen Moment of Awesome: Archer's fight against Berserker, with the former managing to kill the later six times before being defeated. Set Right What Once Went Wrong: Saber's wish is to undo her rule so Britain can have a better king. Star- Crossed Lovers: Shirou and Saber. He's a regular boy with a hero complex, she's a Heroic Spirit that only wishes for the Holy Grail. She also wishes to basically erase herself from history. Even though that doesn't end up happening, she has to return to the time of her death and finally die, reminiscing her time with Shirou as a dream. Stay in the Kitchen: Shirou has shades of this in both this route and the anime adaptation, which gets blown out of proportion by Memetic Mutation. In reality Shirou's insistence that Saber leave the fighting to him has little to do with sexism and much more to do with Saber being badly wounded, but since Shirou doesn't have the self- awareness to say ! I- It's not like I'm surrendering to Shirou! 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Line up the two lines by rotating the bellows control knob and the negative is properly focused. We have always been exponents of various optical critical focusing devices, but we could discern no difference in sharpness with prints made using a separate focuser or the rangefinder to determine sharpness. And the range- finder was a whole lot faster to use. The glass negative carrier has four controls that are used to position movable borders. You can drop or mask (for 3. At f/5. 6 this fall- off became barely discernible and at f/8, totally nonexistent. Over- all print quality at f/8 was as good as you could ask from the machine. The same condensers are used for the 7. This device is substituted for the regular lens mount- -used for correcting unwanted converging lines- -in building shots, for instance. It consists of a ring that can be angled to about 2. You also tilt the enlarger head or baseboard to retain over- all sharpness. It works, but you settle for smaller than 1. The full 3. 5mm negative cannot be printed with the 5. You must use a 7. In general, the Meopta proved to be a sensibly designed, well engineered machine. The following unsigned reviews appeared in Modern Photography magazine, March 1. It's been edited slightly for brevity. Specifications: Opemus 5 enlarger, accepts negatives to 2 . Other Features: Red filter, filter drawer. Price: $1. 79. Specifications: Meopta Meochrom color head, CCO- 1. MP5 lamp, 1. 2- volt power supply adjustable to 1. Price: Color head: $2. Opemus 5 enlarger with color head: $3. Meopta enlargers are, and always have been for as long as we can remember, machines designed to offer a lot of performance for relatively little money. Traditionally, they have been rugged, well- designed units that made up in toughness what they may have lacked in finesse. And they were always extremely simple machines. It was just that their versatility was added on. With an extensive line of accessories you could convert plain vanilla into a veritable banana split, with add- on copying devices, film magazines, copying lights, even foot switches and timers for the lights as well as extension tubes and a sheet film back with sheet film holders. You might start with the basic package, but if you ever wanted the whole works, conversion was easy, fast and relatively inexpensive. The latest in a long line of Meopta products, some predating World War II, is the new Opemus 5. The more things change, the more they remain the same. Meopta will never give up some things, nor should they, and the model 5, like all previous models, sports that highly chromed upright, slanted forward at a rakish angle and calibrated from 0- 5. In case you haven't noticed, wooden baseboards are rather hard to come by these days due to the high cost of lumber. Most manufacturers have gone to a compressed fiber product which, inch for inch, is less rigid than wood- -so the Opemus 5 baseboard is a plus any way you look at it. The upright is held to the baseboard by a heavy casting that uses two screws to hold the upright in place. More about these and their problems later. The basic enlarger chassis consists of two castings; one rides the upright, the second keys into the first. The second casting also holds the focusing mechanism, bellows and accepts the negative carrier and either a regular or a color head. But no matter which head is used, the basic method of achieving even illumination is by means of double condensers. Let's start by fitting the standard lamphouse to the chassis by means of two knurled screws, and plugging the head into a timer. Now let's remove the negative carrier and insert a negative. No simple carrier this. It comes equipped with glass inserts, which we quickly removed and replaced with 3. The glassless inserts slide easily into place and are cut out along the sprocket area of the film so frame numbers may be easily read. A pair of pins can be either pulled forward to allow easy, accurate positioning of 3. The carrier also has built- in adjustable masks. This allows the image to be masked down to cover the precise area to be printed, reducing internal flare within the enlarger that degrades print quality. At the extreme rear of the carrier is a . Adjust focus until the two lines become one line, and shift the carrier so that the negative is in place and, lo and behold, it's sharp as a needle. This feature works well, but we still did all the tests by manually focusing the image itself on the baseboard. We rate the carrier fairly high on versatility and ease of use. One annoying detail, however: One mask was adjusted rather loosely and would slip closed as we placed the carrier in the enlarger. It was easily readjusted, of course. Now that we have a negative in place, let's make a print. The height of the head is controlled by a friction drive at the right side of the upright. It is not counterbalanced, so a bit more effort is needed than one might anticipate. Four screws control the tension, and the first instinct is to loosen the screws to allow freer movement. Resist this temptation at all costs- -loosening the screws will only cause the entire unit to slip until the screws are properly readjusted. Now let's move the lamphouse to the top of the upright and focus the image for maximum sharpness. Using a 5. 0mm lens on the 3. Well there's a simple answer. You placed the upright too low in the baseboard bracket during assembly. Raise it as high as you can and tighten the screws as tight as you can. Well, almost no problem. Combine the slippery chrome finish with the small area that the baseboard bracket grips and you'll find the upright slowly slides down through the bracket until it sits on the baseboard and you are back where you started. The solution to this dilemma is simple. Not pretty, but simple. We fitted a C- clamp to help those two little screws to hold the upright in the high position. Now 1. 1 x 1. 4s on the baseboard are no problem. Focusing is also accomplished without a hitch. The friction drive on the right side is smooth, simple and without any slip or play. To change lenses you just loosen a retaining screw and remove the circular lensboard. A flat board is supplied for 8. All you need do is to make a few prints to realize that this is a fast and efficient machine. Exposures from our standard negative ran about 1. Evenness of illumination with the condenser head showed that illumination corner to corner was near perfect, with less than Ve stop variation. The illumination from center to corner was less impressive with just over a 1/8 stop error. This figure was obtained using a 5. When we switched to 2. We believe that fact that no supplementary condensers are used to optimize light distribution accounts for the falloff at the edges. The double condensers may well be designed to a compromise point in the hope that it will serve both 3. However longitudinal alignment showed a 3/4 bubble length error, which was easily corrected by shimming up the baseboard casting 1 mm or so. Now let's take a close look at the color head. To install it, remove the two retaining screws, lift off the standard head, drop the color head in place, replace the screws and that's it. Once the color head is plugged into its power supply, you're ready to go. We inserted a standard negative and proceeded to make prints using Ektacolor type 7. RC paper and 3. 00 chemistry. A Beseler PM2. M analyzer was used to quickly arrive at the proper filtration, and the first 1. Color saturation was good and the overall clarity of the image told us that both UV and IR filtration were effective. The color head is easy to use since it's marked in 5. CC increments from 0- 1. The only source of inconvenience was the lack of a white light capability. This means that you either must focus with a filter value in place or crank all three dials to zero to get maximum brightness on the easel. |
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